1,588 easy and fully explained recipes, with +66K photos and 77 videos

The (small) miracle of béchamel sauce

Making a béchamel sauce is going to confront you with a little miracle that happens every time: You pour milk over a roux, it's very liquid, you stir over a low heat, and then all of a sudden, miracle, the sauce sets, it thickens, you've got your béchamel.

Let's see what happened.

9,942 4/5 (4 reviews)

Keywords for this post:Sauce Method Principle Explanation Starch Temperature Roux Consistency Béchamel

Last modified on: August 27^th 2024

For this post: Comment Follow Ask me a question Send to a friend

The (small) miracle of béchamel sauce

A basic sauce

louis bechameil

Béchamel is one of the staple sauces of French cuisine, found in a host of recipes. Its name comes from Louis Béchameil, who was maitre d'hôtel to Louis XIV.
Making it is quite simple: first a "roux" mixture of flour and butter, which is heated and colored (hence its name).

roux

Once the roux has reached the right color, cold milk is added, the mixture is very liquid, and you continue to cook and stir over low heat until it thickens (you'll find the full recipe here).
But why does it thicken? As you'd expect, there's no magic involved, just a little physics and chemistry.

Flour and starch

The secret lies in the roux's flour, which contains grains of starch, a complex sugar made up of glucose molecules rolled up into tiny little balls.

amidon

When the milk is added to the roux and heated, the temperature of the mixture gradually rises.
It's around 70°C that the magic happens: the grains of starch in the flour break up into smaller grains, starch molecules that begin to absorb the milk around them, up to 20 times their volume, thus increasing the sauce's viscosity.

This process, known as starch gelatinization, takes place between 70°C and 85°C, giving béchamel its characteristic thick, creamy consistency.
Note in passing that this process of starch gelatinization is also at work in, among other things, crème pâtissière or flan, where flour is often replaced by maïzena, a corn starch.

In short: Béchamel thickens because it contains flour that is heated, causing its starch grains to burst and absorb the milk around them.
So béchamel is not just a culinary classic, it's also a little chemistry lesson in action.

Lasts posts

With vinegar?

When you buy a jar of pickles labeled “in vinegar,” you’re looking for their tangy, crunchy flavor to go with cold cuts, sandwiches, or salads. You expect to find small gherkins preserved in vinegar, with salt and herbs, but is that really the case?
July 15^th 20269124.8

Congratulate the chef

You've just finished a meal that you really enjoyed. The server approaches with the usual question: “How was it?” And then, as a natural reflex, you simply reply, “Yes, it was very good.” However, when the meal was truly outstanding, this brief exchange deserves a little more. .
July 7^th 2026785 25

Cut twice as fast

When you need to cut something long into small pieces, for example chopped chives or the stem of a spring onion, there's a simple gesture that doubles your cutting speed. Let's see how.
May 21^th 20262,0935

The other use for bowl scraper

Your kitchen or bakery utensils may include a horn (left) or a pastry cutter (right). These practical utensils are normally used to scoop the contents of a bowl or salad bowl - the horn - or to cut dough - the pastry cutter. But they also have another, very practical use - let's see what it is.
May 9^th 20261,8963

The strange foam of potatoes in milk

As you may have already noticed, when you cook potatoes in milk, especially in small pieces (slices or cubes) for a gratin for example, a surprisingly abundant white foam forms on the surface. Where does it come from?
April 26^th 20262,2785

See all posts Random post RSS feeds

Other pages you may also like

Soup vs. potage

It's true that we're finally coming out of winter as I write these lines, and that we'll all be making, no doubt, a little less soup and potages, but even if it's out of season, it really is a simple and delicious dish, which is one of the always easy answers to "What's for dinner this (Sunday)...
April 9^th 202213 K

The Holy Grail of French bakers

While browsing through the recipes on this site, you may have noticed that while I adore cooking (everything, in fact, to do with eating and drinking), I am particularly drawn to bakery: bread, viennoiseries and all that goes with them – it’s a real passion of mine; I love making them and I...
March 24^th 201822 K 34.7

Small, regular pieces

When we cook, bake or pastry, we often have to cut food into small pieces, often cubes, to incorporate them into a recipe or preparation. How do you get regular pieces fairly quickly?
November 28^th 202013 K4.5

The proper use of a pastry bag

Ever used a pastry bag? Handy, isn't it, but unfortunately not very easy to fill. In fact, to be comfortable with this tool, you'd need 3 or 4 arms, which isn't very common. Does that mean it's a goner? No, of course not. Here are 2 or 3 tips to help you get comfortable with it.
December 5^th 202010 K4.7

The long fermentation of bread

I had already told you in a previous article about the delicious little alchemy that happens when we make bread, let's try to go a little further this time, and try to discover what makes a good bread, in other words, which has taste. .
April 13^th 202311 K4.9