Cooking sugar
Cooking sugar, which is one of the basics of patisserie and sweet-making, is a delicate operation in which sugar is heated from 100°C or 212°F to 180°C or 356°F. Here is some information on this tricky subject.
[Translator's note: the terms used below correspond to the French tradition, as often used by English-speaking chefs, but there are other stages and terms in other traditions. Best to use a thermometer, and be guided by temperature, as the English terms commonly used in domestic cooking cover less precise stages, broader temperature ranges, and so could lead to confusion.].
[Translator's note: the terms used below correspond to the French tradition, as often used by English-speaking chefs, but there are other stages and terms in other traditions. Best to use a thermometer, and be guided by temperature, as the English terms commonly used in domestic cooking cover less precise stages, broader temperature ranges, and so could lead to confusion.].
486 K 2.6/5 (154 reviews)
45 min.
Average
12 pieces
3 IngredientsLast modified on: April 3rd 2019
For 12 pieces, you will need:
- 1
600 g caster sugar - 2
9 tablespoons water - 3
15 drops lemon juice - Total weight: 735 grams
Change measures:
Times for this recipe
Preparation: 5 min.
Cooking: 40 min.
All in all: 45 min.
If you start now, at , you will finish around : ?.Change start time
To finish around 7pm, you'll need to have started before: .Change end time
Step by step recipe
Stage 1 - 5 min.
You will also need a sugar thermometer ( up to 200°C or 392°F) or even better, an electronic thermometer.
Pour water, a few lemon juice (or vinegar) drops, and sugar into a pan.
The exact volume of water doesn't matter, because sugar starts to cook only when all the water is evaporated. So it's not necessary to use very much water.
Pour water, a few lemon juice (or vinegar) drops, and sugar into a pan.
The exact volume of water doesn't matter, because sugar starts to cook only when all the water is evaporated. So it's not necessary to use very much water.
Stage 2 - 10 min.
Put the pan on high heat with thermometer in, and bring to the boil.
You will notice that for quite a long time, the temperature will stay around 100°C or 212°F, that will be the case as long as there is still any water remaining with sugar.
You will notice that for quite a long time, the temperature will stay around 100°C or 212°F, that will be the case as long as there is still any water remaining with sugar.
Stage 3
For the following stages, you will probably see some impurities coming out of the sugar that will stick round the sides of the pan.
Stage 4
As they heat they will eventually burn and might add a bitter taste to the sugar. You can remove them with a brush dipped in clean cold water.
Stage 5 - 5 min.
Stage 1: 106°C or 223°F, sugar is cooked to "thread" stage (used for some jams for example).
Stage 6 - 3 min.
Stage 2: 110°C or 230°F, sugar is cooked to "pearl or soufflé" stage (used for other jams and blackcurrant liqueur for example).
Stage 7 - 3 min.
Stage 3: 118°C or 244°F, sugar is cooked to "soft ball" stage (used for Italian meringue for example).
Stage 8 - 3 min.
Stage 4: 125°C or 257°F, sugar is cooked to "hard ball" stage.
Stage 9 - 3 min.
Stage 5: 135°C or 275°F, sugar is cooked to "soft crack" stage (it sticks to your teeth).
Stage 10 - 3 min.
Stage 6: 140°C or 284°F, sugar is cooked to "crack" stage (no longer sticky and it snaps).
Stage 11 - 3 min.
Stage 7: 155°C or 311°F, sugar is cooked "hard crack" stage (it snaps like glass).
Stage 12 - 3 min.
Stage 8: 160°C or 320°F, sugar is now "light caramel" (straw-coloured).
Stage 13 - 2 min.
Stage 9 (and final): 180°C or 356°F, light caramel becomes "dark caramel" (it's coloured). You should cool it and use it immediately, because it will continue cooking a little further, even off the heat.
Be careful: beyond 190°C or 374°F, caramel starts to smoke, burns and is spoiled.
Be careful: beyond 190°C or 374°F, caramel starts to smoke, burns and is spoiled.
Remarks
Cooking sugar is a delicate operation due to the high temperature, working with caramel at 180°C or 356°F can be very very dangerous. This why this is one of the only recipes on the site that you should make without any children around you.
In former times (not so long ago) patissiers had no thermometer, so to know the temperature of the sugar they dipped two fingers in water then in the cooking sugar, and then by touching their fingers together then releasing, they could tell by the behaviour of the sugar what stage it was at: thread, soft ball, hard ball, etc. That's the origin of the strange names of the stages.
Lemon juice drops are there to prevent sugar from brutal not wanted crystallization. I thougt it was a legend, so I don't put in, until it really happen to me when I was preparing a red sugar :
In former times (not so long ago) patissiers had no thermometer, so to know the temperature of the sugar they dipped two fingers in water then in the cooking sugar, and then by touching their fingers together then releasing, they could tell by the behaviour of the sugar what stage it was at: thread, soft ball, hard ball, etc. That's the origin of the strange names of the stages.
Lemon juice drops are there to prevent sugar from brutal not wanted crystallization. I thougt it was a legend, so I don't put in, until it really happen to me when I was preparing a red sugar :
Pretty, but not usable...
Source: Gaston Lenôtre.
Nutritional information
| Proteins (gr) | Carbohydrates (gr) | Fats (gr) | Energy value (in k-calories) | Energy value (in k-joules) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole recipe | 0 | 600 RDI=60 % | 0 | 2,400 RDI=120 % | 10,050 RDI: 120 % |
| Per 100 g | 0 | 80 RDI=8 % | 0 | 330 RDI=20 % | 1,370 RDI: 20 % |
| Per piece | 0 | 50 RDI=5 % | 0 | 200 RDI=10 % | 840 RDI: 10 % |
How much will it cost?
- For 12 pieces : 0.50 €
- Per piece : 0.05 €
Change currency: 
Note: Be careful, these prices are only an estimate, you can consult the table of prices by ingredients used for this estimate.
This recipe uses (among others)
Caster sugar
Like these other recipes: Household cake (Gâteau de ménage), Apricot and pistachio clafoutis, Coconut pyramids, Agen prune cake, Arizona cupcakes, ... See them all 353
Lemon juice
Like these other recipes: Cubed salad, Avocado mousse with sorrel, Green parsley tahini sauce, Tomato pesto, Sautéed pears with custard and orange syrup , ... See them all 70
Water
Like these other recipes: Mustard baps, Quick courgette soup with cheese, Mixed seed grissini, Nonettes, Hazelnut and orange cake, ... See them all 132
Other recipes you may also like
How to cook hard-boiled eggs properly
A hard-boiled egg is properly cooked when: shell is not broken, white and yolk are firm, yolk is only yellow with no traces of green around it. Here are some tips to make this easy.November 4th 20131.37 M 65 1 hour 30 min.
How to extract passion fruit juice
Passion fruit are rather strange fruit as they do not really have much flesh, but rather seeds surrounded by a fine layer of pulp. Here is a way to extract the juice.March 23th 2011515 K 32.3 20 min.
How to choose an avocado well
It is not so easy to choose a good avocado, tasty and well ripe. Here are some tips to help you.June 28th 2011182 K4.4 1 min.
How to prepare spinach
For most people (and me most of all), spinach brings back bad memories of canteens... But, well prepared, it's a fine and delicate vegetable which goes remarkably well with scrambled eggs, fish, and many another things. Here are two ways of preparing it.June 5th 20153.38 M3.5 1 hour 9 min.
How to prepare egg glaze
Bakers and pastry chefs use a glaze ("dorure" in French - the same word as for gilding) made with whole full eggs, beaten in a blender. This is used with a brush on pastry that would not naturally brown during cooking (brioche, puff pastry, ...).October 17th 2018303 K4.3 2 min.
News list of cooking-ez.com
Sign up to receive the latest recipes (next batch due to be sent on 2024-12-08)
Note: We'll never share your e-mail address with anyone else.
Post a comment or question
Follow this recipe (as 9 people already do)
If you are interested in this recipe, you can "follow" it, by entering your email address here. You will then receive a notification immediately each time the recipe is modified or a new comment is added. Please note that you will need to confirm this following.
Note: We'll never share your e-mail address with anyone else.
Alternatively: you can subscribe to the mailing list of cooling-ez.com , you will receive a e-mail for each new recipe published on the site.